Conservation of monuments in public spaces: A comparative study between Ibagué and Boyacá (Colombia)

Abstract

Urban monuments are crucial for commemorating history and preserving collective memory, yet many lack a significant connection with citizens, creating a gap between historical legacy and social appropriation. This study compares the symbolic and historical value, and the level of conservation, of two urban monuments in Colombia: the Monument to the Lancers of Pantano de Vargas in Paipa and "Cacica Dulima" in Ibagué. A qualitative methodology with a descriptive approach was used. The analysis was based on an evaluation matrix integrating Kevin Lynch's "The Image of the City" concepts and the guidelines from the Colombian Ministry of Culture for movable property in public spaces. This matrix allowed for a physical diagnosis, assessment of conservation status, environmental impact, and urban perception, assigning scores based on compliance with criteria.

The Monument to the Lancers of Pantano de Vargas in Paipa shows a good level of conservation and integration, with high legibility and recognition in the urban imagination. In contrast, "Cacica Dulima" in Ibagué presents a heterogeneous conservation status, with deficiencies in maintenance, signs of wear, and exposure to vandalism, limiting its impact and citizen appropriation. Management, conservation, and social appropriation are decisive factors in preserving cultural heritage. Sustained commitment in Paipa has transformed the Lancers into a symbol of collective identity and a tourist reference. Conversely, the lack of conservation policies and appropriation in Ibagué has degraded the symbolic value of Cacica Dulima, causing it to progressively lose its capacity to transmit meaning. Heritage protection requires constant interventions involving the community, heritage education, and public and private institutions to ensure monuments become valuable elements of daily life.