Architecture of Markets in Arid Zones.: Spatial Analysis and Urban Morphology in America.

Abstract

In arid zones, the architecture of markets must adapt to both climatic and social conditions. These territories, characterized by high evaporation rates and low relative humidity, like the Atacama Desert, experience significant thermal fluctuations between day and night. Therefore, the aim is to identify practices that optimize energy efficiency, sustainable water management, and thermal comfort, considering cultural and social characteristics. Through case studies and literature review, this article provides a concrete review of sustainable and resilient markets. The qualitative approach focuses on the architecture of markets in arid zones, with a theoretical and morphological analysis of projects in the deserts of North America and the arid strip from the coasts of Peru to Patagonia in Argentina. Climatic and geographical data are collected to contextualize each case study and complement spatial analyses. The methodological triangulation seeks to obtain a comprehensive view of architectural adaptability in these contexts, providing a deep understanding of how buildings integrate and respond to their environment. The architecture of markets in arid zones must face climatic and social challenges, optimizing energy efficiency, water management, and thermal comfort. This study identifies sustainable and resilient practices, highlighting the importance of building integration into the urban environment. Markets are presented as centers of exchange and community cohesion, effectively responding to the extreme conditions that characterize arid zones.