Publicado 2022-01-01 — Actualizado el 2023-11-02
Palabras clave
- arrecifes de coral,
- servicios ecosistémicos,
- cambio climático,
- amenazas,
- degradación
- República Dominicana ...Más
Cómo citar
Derechos de autor 2022 AULA Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Resumen
Los arrecifes coralinos se consideran ecosistemas análogos a los bosques lluviosos, en términos de biodiversidad y variedad de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos que proveen. La pérdida acelerada de áreas coralinas a escala global es conocida como la crisis de los arrecifes, la cual es particularmente tangible en el Caribe. Aunque se sabe que la combinación de factores globales y locales son las causas del declive del estado de salud de los arrecifes, la importancia relativa e identidad de cada uno de estos factores puede ser diferente entre geografías. En la República Dominicana, los arrecifes coralinos son de gran importancia debido a su valor ecológico y económico. Al igual que otras islas del Caribe, los arrecifes en República Dominicana se han visto afectados por la crisis global, y en muchos casos se ha reportado su deterioro. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar los factores globales y locales que han impactado la salud de los arrecifes dominicanos en las últimas décadas, así como puntualizar las acciones que se han llevado a cabo en el país para avanzar en la conservación de estos ecosistemas. En las últimas décadas, docenas de estudios de salud arrecifal han identificado las principales amenazas para los arrecifes de la isla. Los resultados muestran que los eventos masivos de blanqueamiento a causa de estrés térmico por calentamiento de las masas de agua, la ocurrencia de huracanes y eventos epizoóticos de enfermedades coralinas, han disminuido la cobertura de coral vivo. La sobrepesca es un problema serio, especialmente la extracción de peces herbívoros. Asimismo, el desarrollo costero acelerado, la deforestación de bosques de manglar, la intervención de cuencas y la entrada crónica de nutrientes, son factores que combinados pueden explicar el reemplazo de arrecifes dominados por corales y la transición hacia arrecifes dominados por algas. Si bien la reducción de los impactos globales escapa de las estrategias de implementación local, el desarrollo de planes de manejo integrado de costas y estrategias mancomunadas para reducir la presión de la pesca, aunado con la educación ambiental, pueden ofrecer una solución a mediano plazo para conservar los arrecifes de coral en la República Dominicana.
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